Oligo/amenorrhoea, hirsutism, acne, female infertility
Adult

Diabetes and Endocrinology

Useful Management Information

  • Focus of management should be on education and support with a strong emphasis on healthy lifestyle, with targeted medical therapy where indicated
  • Psychological features need to be screened for, acknowledged, discussed and counselling considered, to improve quality of life in PCOS and to facilitate effective and sustainable lifestyle change, consideration of depression and/or anxiety and appropriate management
  • IVF not available in public hospitals
  • Lifestyle modification (increased activity, dietary, weight, smoking, alcohol)
    • Simple moderate physical activity including structured exercise (at least 30 minutes/day) and optimising incidental exercise assists with weight loss and weight maintenance
    • 5-10% weight loss or optimal weight BMI 20-25
  • Infertility
    • Folic acid 0.5mg/day
  • Hirsutism
    • Self-administered and professional cosmetic therapy are first line (laser recommended)
    • Eflornithine cream can be added and may induce a more rapid response
    • If cosmetic therapy is not adequate, pharmacological therapy can be considered
    • Pharmacological therapy – cyproterone acetate, spironolactone

Diagnostic criteria for Rotterdam diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome:  Monash International evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) 2018

Two of the following three criteria are required:

  • Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (either 25 or more follicles per ovary or increased ovarian size (>10 cc))
  • Oligo/anovulation
  • Hyperandrogenism
    • clinical (hirsutism or less commonly male pattern alopecia) or
    • biochemical (raised FAI or free testosterone)

Minimum Referral Criteria

Does your patient meet the minimum referral criteria?
Category 1 (appointment within 30 calendar days)
  • Arrested puberty (16 years and over)
  • Suspected hypopituitarism
  • New onset virilisation in a female (hirsutism, acne, balding)
  • Serum testosterone >5nmol/l in a female
Category 2 (appointment within 90 calendar days)
  • Delayed puberty (16 years and over)
  • Primary or secondary oligo/amenorrhoea.
Category 3 (appointment within 365 calendar days)
  • Biochemical hyperandrogenism and/or related clinical signs of acne and/or hirsutism without evidence of severe androgen excess
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome as per Rotterdam criteria in the absence of any other explanation
  • All referrals for infertility (definition: infertility is the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected intercourse)
  • If the patient does not meet the criteria for referral but the referring practitioner believes the patient requires specialist review, a clinical override may be requested:
    • Please explain why (e.g. warning signs or symptoms, clinical modifiers, uncertain about diagnosis, etc.)
  • Please note that your referral may not be accepted or may be redirected to another service.

Essential Referral Information

  • History including
    • family history of delayed puberty or hypogonadism
    • history of chronic ill health or any medications
    • reproductive features (hirsutism, infertility and pregnancy complications)
    • metabolic implications (insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, IGT, T2DM and potentially CVD)

For referrals related to Infertility include:

  • History of
    • previous pregnancies
    • STIs and PID
    • surgery
    • endometriosis
    • other medical conditions
  • Include the following information about partner
    • age and health
    • reproductive history
    • testicular conditions
  • Weight/ BMI
  • FBC, group and antibodies, rubella IgG, varicella IgG, syphilis serology, Hepatitis BsAg, HBC serology, HIV results
  • FSH, LH (Day 2 - 5), prolactin, TSH results if cycle prolonged and/or irregular
  • Day 21 serum progesterone level results (7 days before the next expected period)
  • Endocervical swab or first catch urine for chlamydia +/- gonorrhoea NAA
  • Partner
    • Seminal analysis of partner (≥4 days of abstinence) report
      • Repeat in 4-6 weeks if abnormal

For Polycystic ovarian disease referrals include:

  • SHBG results
  • Testosterone, DHEA-S results
  • Fasting blood glucose result
  • Lipids, TSH results

For Hirsutism referrals include:

  • Fasting glucose, lipids results
  • Testosterone, SHBG results

For Amenorrhoea referrals include:

  • Duration of amenorrhoea (i.e. >6 months)
  • Weight/BMI
  • ßeta HCG results
  • FSH, LH, prolactin, oestradiol, TSH results

For Delayed puberty referrals include:

  • Short stature screen
  • TFTs
  • Renal function
  • FBC
  • ESR or CRP
  • Anti TTG
  • Urinalysis
  • Chromosomes (karytope) in girls only (Turners syndrome)
  • Bone age

If a specific test result cannot be obtained due to access, financial, religious, cultural or consent reasons a clinical override may be requested. This reason must be clearly articulated in the body of the referral.

Additional Referral Information

  • Consider Pelvic USS (day 1-4 menstrual cycle) (TVS preferable if appropriate)
  • If suspected hypopituitarism then check other anterior pituitary hormones e.g. prolactin, TSH, T4, (09:00) cortisol, ACTH, IGF1, growth hormone
  • Consider (08:00) 17-OH progesterone for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Infertility

  • History of marijuana use (including partner) or other relevant medications that contribute to infertility e.g. illicit drugs, steroids, chemotherapy

Delayed Puberty

  • LH/FSH, oestrogen or testosterone (highly desirable)
Last updated 13 March 2024

Send Referrals To

Smart Referrals

Preferred Method
About Smart Referrals

Secure Web Transfer

Send to: Gold Coast Health Service District

Internal Referrals

Diabetes/Endocrinology (E-Blueslips)

Fax

(07) 5687 4497

Post

Booking and Referral Centre
Gold Coast University Hospital
1 Hospital Boulevard
Southport QLD 4215

Enquiries

1300 559 083

Related HealthPathways

No directly related pathways found

Service Availability

Dr Katherine Griffin
Medical Director Diabetes and Endocrinology

Facilities

Gold Coast University Hospital
Robina Hospital

If you would like to send a named referral, please address it to the specialist listed above, who will allocate a suitably qualified specialist to see the patient. Alternatively, you can view a full list of our specialists.

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